. * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Class Name: Muslim Prayer Times * * Filename: Salat.php * * Original Author(s): Khaled Al-Sham'aa * * Purpose: The five Islamic prayers are named Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib * and Isha. The timing of these five prayers varies from place * to place and from day to day. It is obligatory for Muslims * to perform these prayers at the correct time. * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Source: http://qasweb.org/qasforum/index.php?showtopic=177&st=0 * By: Mohamad Magdy * * ---------------------------------------------------------------------- * * Muslim Prayer Times * * Using this PHP Class you can calculate the time of Muslim prayer * according to the geographic location. * * The five Islamic prayers are named Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha. The timing * of these five prayers varies from place to place and from day to day. It is * obligatory for Muslims to perform these prayers at the correct time. * * The prayer times for any given location on earth may be determined mathematically * if the latitude and longitude of the location are known. However, the theoretical * determination of prayer times is a lengthy process. Much of this tedium may be * alleviated by using computer programs. * * Definition of prayer times * * - FAJR starts with the dawn or morning twilight. Fajr ends just before sunrise. * - ZUHR begins after midday when the trailing limb of the sun has passed the * meridian. For convenience, many published prayer timetables add five minutes to * mid-day (zawal) to obtain the start of Zuhr. Zuhr ends at the start of Asr time. * - The timing of ASR depends on the length of the shadow cast by an object. * According to the Shafi school of jurisprudence, Asr begins when the length of * the shadow of an object exceeds the length of the object. According to the * Hanafi school of jurisprudence, Asr begins when the length of the shadow * exceeds TWICE the length of the object. In both cases, the minimum length of * shadow (which occurs when the sun passes the meridian) is subtracted from the * length of the shadow before comparing it with the length of the object. * - MAGHRIB begins at sunset and ends at the start of isha. * - ISHA starts after dusk when the evening twilight disappears. * * Example: *


 *     date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
 *     
 *     include('./I18N/Arabic.php');
 *     $obj = new I18N_Arabic('Salat');
 * 
 *     $obj->setLocation(33.513,36.292,2);
 *     $obj->setDate(date('j'), date('n'), date('Y'));
 * 
 *     $times = $obj->getPrayTime();
 * 
 *     echo 'Damascus, Syria
';
 *     echo date('l F j, Y').'

';
 *        
 *     echo "Imsak: {$times[8]}
";
 *     echo "Fajr: {$times[0]}
";
 *     echo "Sunrise: {$times[1]}
";
 *     echo "Zuhr: {$times[2]}
";
 *     echo "Asr: {$times[3]}
";
 *     echo "Sunset: {$times[6]}
";
 *     echo "Maghrib: {$times[4]}
";
 *     echo "Isha: {$times[5]}
";    
 *     echo "Midnight: {$times[7]}
";    
 *

* * Qibla Determination Methods - Basic Spherical Trigonometric Formula * * The problem of qibla determination has a simple formulation in spherical * trigonometry. A is a given location, K is the Ka'ba, and N is the North Pole. * The great circle arcs AN and KN are along the meridians through A and K, * respectively, and both point to the north. The qibla is along the great circle * arc AK. The spherical angle q = NAK is the angle at A from the north direction * AN to the direction AK towards the Ka'ba, and so q is the qibla bearing to be * computed. Let F and L be the latitude and longitude of A, and FK and LK be * the latitude and longitude of K (the Ka'ba). If all angles and arc lengths * are measured in degrees, then it is seen that the arcs AN and KN are of measure * 90 - F and 90 - FK, respectively. Also, the angle ANK between the meridians * of K and A equals the difference between the longitudes of A and K, that is, * LK - L, no matter what the prime meridian is. Here we are given two sides and * the included angle of a spherical triangle, and it is required to determine one * other angle. One of the simplest solutions is given by the formula: *

 
 *                       -1              sin(LK - L)
 *                q = tan   ------------------------------------------
 *                              cos F tan FK - sin F cos(LK - L) 
 *

* In this Equation, the sign of the input quantities are assumed as follows: * latitudes are positive if north, negative if south; longitudes are positive * if east, negative if west. The quadrant of q is assumed to be so selected * that sin q and cos q have the same sign as the numerator and denominator of * this Equation. With these conventions, q will be positive for bearings east * of north, negative for bearings west of north. * * Reference: * The Correct Qibla, S. Kamal Abdali * PDF version in http://www.patriot.net/users/abdali/ftp/qibla.pdf * * Example: *


 *     date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
 *     
 *     include('./I18N/Arabic.php');
 *     $obj = new I18N_Arabic('Salat');
 * 
 *     $obj->setLocation(33.513,36.292,2);
 *
 *     $direction = $obj->getQibla();
 *     echo "Qibla Direction (from the north direction): $direction
";
 *

* * @category I18N * @package I18N_Arabic * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa * @copyright 2006-2016 Khaled Al-Sham'aa * * @license LGPL * @link http://www.ar-php.org */ /** * This PHP class calculate the time of Muslim prayer according to the geographic * location. * * @category I18N * @package I18N_Arabic * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa * @copyright 2006-2016 Khaled Al-Sham'aa * * @license LGPL * @link http://www.ar-php.org */ class I18N_Arabic_Salat { /** * السنة * @ignore */ protected $year = 1975; /** * الشهر * @ignore */ protected $month = 8; /** * اليوم * @ignore */ protected $day = 2; /** * فرق التوقيت العالمى * @ignore */ protected $zone = 2; /** * خط الطول الجغرافى للمكان * @ignore */ protected $long = 37.15861; /** * خط العرض الجغرافى * @ignore */ protected $lat = 36.20278; /** * الارتفاع عن سطح البحر * @ignore */ protected $elevation = 0; /** * زاوية الشروق والغروب * @ignore */ protected $AB2 = -0.833333; /** * زاوية العشاء * @ignore */ protected $AG2 = -18; /** * زاوية الفجر * @ignore */ protected $AJ2 = -18; /** * المذهب * @ignore */ protected $school = 'Shafi'; /** * الطائفة * @ignore */ protected $view = 'Sunni'; /** * Loads initialize values * * @ignore */ public function __construct() { } /** * Setting date of day for Salat calculation * * @param integer $m Month of date you want to calculate Salat in * @param integer $d Day of date you want to calculate Salat in * @param integer $y Year (four digits) of date you want to calculate Salat in * * @return object $this to build a fluent interface * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa */ public function setDate($m = 8, $d = 2, $y = 1975) { if (is_numeric($y) && $y > 0 && $y < 3000) { $this->year = floor($y); } if (is_numeric($m) && $m >= 1 && $m <= 12) { $this->month = floor($m); } if (is_numeric($d) && $d >= 1 && $d <= 31) { $this->day = floor($d); } return $this; } /** * Setting location information for Salat calculation * * @param decimal $l1 Latitude of location you want to calculate Salat time in * @param decimal $l2 Longitude of location you want to calculate Salat time in * @param integer $z Time Zone, offset from UTC (see also Greenwich Mean Time) * @param integer $e Elevation, it is the observer's height in meters. * * @return object $this to build a fluent interface * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa */ public function setLocation($l1 = 36.20278, $l2 = 37.15861, $z = 2, $e = 0) { if (is_numeric($l1) && $l1 >= -180 && $l1 <= 180) { $this->lat = $l1; } if (is_numeric($l2) && $l2 >= -180 && $l2 <= 180) { $this->long = $l2; } if (is_numeric($z) && $z >= -12 && $z <= 12) { $this->zone = floor($z); } if (is_numeric($e)) { $this->elevation = $e; } return $this; } /** * Setting rest of Salat calculation configuration * * Convention Fajr Angle Isha Angle * * Muslim World League -18 -17 * * Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) -15 -15 * * Egyptian General Authority of Survey -19.5 -17.5 * * Umm al-Qura University, Makkah -18.5 * Isha 90 min after Maghrib, 120 min during Ramadan * * University of Islamic Sciences, Karachi -18 -18 * * Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran -17.7 -14(*) * * Shia Ithna Ashari, Leva Research Institute, Qum -16 -14 * * (*) Isha angle is not explicitly defined in Tehran method * Fajr Angle = $fajrArc, Isha Angle = $ishaArc * * - حزب العلماء في لندن لدول * أوروبا في خطوط عرض تزيد على 48 * * $ishaArc = -17 * $fajrArc = -17 * * @param string $sch [Shafi|Hanafi] to define Muslims Salat * calculation method (affect Asr time) * @param decimal $sunriseArc Sun rise arc (default value is -0.833333) * @param decimal $ishaArc Isha arc (default value is -18) * @param decimal $fajrArc Fajr arc (default value is -18) * @param string $view [Sunni|Shia] to define Muslims Salat calculation * method (affect Maghrib and Midnight time) * * @return object $this to build a fluent interface * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa */ public function setConf( $sch = 'Shafi', $sunriseArc = -0.833333, $ishaArc = -17.5, $fajrArc = -19.5, $view = 'Sunni' ) { $sch = ucfirst($sch); if ($sch == 'Shafi' || $sch == 'Hanafi') { $this->school = $sch; } if (is_numeric($sunriseArc) && $sunriseArc >= -180 && $sunriseArc <= 180) { $this->AB2 = $sunriseArc; } if (is_numeric($ishaArc) && $ishaArc >= -180 && $ishaArc <= 180) { $this->AG2 = $ishaArc; } if (is_numeric($fajrArc) && $fajrArc >= -180 && $fajrArc <= 180) { $this->AJ2 = $fajrArc; } if ($view == 'Sunni' || $view == 'Shia') { $this->view = $view; } return $this; } /** * Alias for getPrayTime2 method * * @return array of Salat times + sun rise in the following format * hh:mm where hh is the hour in local format and 24 mode * mm is minutes with leading zero to be 2 digits always * array items is [$Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, * $Isha, $Sunset, $Midnight, $Imsak, array $timestamps] * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa * @author Hamid Zarrabi-Zadeh * @source http://praytimes.org/calculation */ public function getPrayTime() { $prayTime = $this->getPrayTime2(); return $prayTime; } /** * Calculate Salat times for the date set in setSalatDate methode, and * location set in setSalatLocation. * * @return array of Salat times + sun rise in the following format * hh:mm where hh is the hour in local format and 24 mode * mm is minutes with leading zero to be 2 digits always * array items is [$Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, * $Isha, $Sunset, $Midnight, $Imsak, array $timestamps] * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa * @author Hamid Zarrabi-Zadeh * @source http://praytimes.org/calculation */ public function getPrayTime2() { $unixtimestamp = mktime(0, 0, 0, $this->month, $this->day, $this->year); // Calculate Julian date if ($this->month <= 2) { $year = $this->year - 1; $month = $this->month + 12; } else { $year = $this->year; $month = $this->month; } $A = floor($year / 100); $B = 2 - $A + floor($A / 4); $jd = floor(365.25 * ($year + 4716)) + floor(30.6001 * ($month + 1)) + $this->day + $B - 1524.5; // The following algorithm from U.S. Naval Observatory computes the // Sun's angular coordinates to an accuracy of about 1 arcminute within // two centuries of 2000. $d = $jd - 2451545.0; // jd is the given Julian date // The following algorithm from U.S. Naval Observatory computes the Sun's // angular coordinates to an accuracy of about 1 arcminute within two // centuries of 2000 // http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/SunApprox.php // Note: mod % in PHP ignore decimels! $g = 357.529 + 0.98560028 * $d; $g = $g % 360 + ($g - ceil($g) + 1); $q = 280.459 + 0.98564736 * $d; $q = $q % 360 + ($q - ceil($q) + 1); $L = $q + 1.915 * sin(deg2rad($g)) + 0.020 * sin(deg2rad(2 * $g)); $L = $L % 360 + ($L - ceil($L) + 1); $R = 1.00014 - 0.01671 * cos(deg2rad($g)) - 0.00014 * cos(deg2rad(2 * $g)); $e = 23.439 - 0.00000036 * $d; $RA = rad2deg(atan2(cos(deg2rad($e))* sin(deg2rad($L)), cos(deg2rad($L)))) / 15; if ($RA < 0) { $RA = 24 + $RA; } // The declination of the Sun is the angle between the rays of the sun and // the plane of the earth equator. The declination of the Sun changes // continuously throughout the year. This is a consequence of the Earth's // tilt, i.e. the difference in its rotational and revolutionary axes. // declination of the Sun $D = rad2deg(asin(sin(deg2rad($e))* sin(deg2rad($L)))); // The equation of time is the difference between time as read from sundial // and a clock. It results from an apparent irregular movement of the Sun // caused by a combination of the obliquity of the Earth's rotation axis // and the eccentricity of its orbit. The sundial can be ahead (fast) by // as much as 16 min 33 s (around November 3) or fall behind by as much as // 14 min 6 s (around February 12), as shown in the following graph: // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Equation_of_time.png $EqT = ($q/15) - $RA; // equation of time // Dhuhr // When the Sun begins to decline after reaching its highest point in the sky $Dhuhr = 12 + $this->zone - ($this->long/15) - $EqT; if ($Dhuhr < 0) { $Dhuhr = 24 + $Dhuhr; } // Sunrise & Sunset // If the observer's location is higher than the surrounding terrain, we // can consider this elevation into consideration by increasing the above // constant 0.833 by 0.0347 × sqrt(elevation), where elevation is the // observer's height in meters. $alpha = 0.833 + 0.0347 * sqrt($this->elevation); $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad($alpha)) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); $d = cos(deg2rad($this->lat)) * cos(deg2rad($D)); // date_sun_info Returns an array with information about sunset/sunrise // and twilight begin/end $Sunrise = $Dhuhr - (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); $Sunset = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); // Fajr & Isha // Imsak: The time to stop eating Sahur (for fasting), slightly before Fajr. // Fajr: When the sky begins to lighten (dawn). // Isha: The time at which darkness falls and there is no scattered light // in the sky. $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad(abs($this->AJ2))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); $Fajr = $Dhuhr - (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); $Imsak = $Fajr - (10/60); $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad(abs($this->AG2))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); $Isha = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); // Asr // The following formula computes the time difference between the mid-day // and the time at which the object's shadow equals t times the length of // the object itself plus the length of that object's shadow at noon if ($this->school == 'Shafi') { $n = sin(atan(1/(1 + tan(deg2rad($this->lat - $D))))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); } else { $n = sin(atan(1/(2 + tan(deg2rad($this->lat - $D))))) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); } $Asr = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); // Maghrib // In the Sunni's point of view, the time for Maghrib prayer begins once // the Sun has completely set beneath the horizon, that is, Maghrib = Sunset // (some calculators suggest 1 to 3 minutes after Sunset for precaution) $MaghribSunni = $Sunset + 2/60; // In the Shia's view, however, the dominant opinion is that as long as // the redness in the eastern sky appearing after sunset has not passed // overhead, Maghrib prayer should not be performed. $n = -1 * sin(deg2rad(4)) - sin(deg2rad($this->lat)) * sin(deg2rad($D)); $MaghribShia = $Dhuhr + (1/15) * rad2deg(acos($n / $d)); if ($this->view == 'Sunni') { $Maghrib = $MaghribSunni; } else { $Maghrib = $MaghribShia; } // Midnight // Midnight is generally calculated as the mean time from Sunset to Sunrise $MidnightSunni = $Sunset + 0.5 * ($Sunrise - $Sunset); if ($MidnightSunni > 12) { $MidnightSunni = $MidnightSunni - 12; } // In Shia point of view, the juridical midnight (the ending time for // performing Isha prayer) is the mean time from Sunset to Fajr $MidnightShia = 0.5 * ($Fajr - $Sunset); if ($MidnightShia > 12) { $MidnightShia = $MidnightShia - 12; } if ($this->view == 'Sunni') { $Midnight = $MidnightSunni; } else { $Midnight = $MidnightShia; } // Result.ThlthAkhir:= Result.Fajr-(24-Result.Maghrib + Result.Fajr)/3; // Result.Doha := Result.Sunrise+(15/60); // if isRamadan then (Um-Al-Qura calendar) // Result.Isha := Result.Maghrib+2 // else Result.Isha := Result.Maghrib+1.5; $times = array($Fajr, $Sunrise, $Dhuhr, $Asr, $Maghrib, $Isha, $Sunset, $Midnight, $Imsak); // Convert number after the decimal point into minutes foreach ($times as $index => $time) { $hours = floor($time); $minutes = round(($time - $hours) * 60); if ($minutes < 10) { $minutes = "0$minutes"; } $times[$index] = "$hours:$minutes"; $times[9][$index] = $unixtimestamp + 3600 * $hours + 60 * $minutes; if ($index == 7 && $hours < 6) { $times[9][$index] += 24 * 3600; } } return $times; } /** * Determine Qibla direction using basic spherical trigonometric formula * * @return float Qibla Direction (from the north direction) in degrees * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa * @author S. Kamal Abdali * @source http://www.patriot.net/users/abdali/ftp/qibla.pdf */ public function getQibla () { // The geographical coordinates of the Ka'ba $K_latitude = 21.423333; $K_longitude = 39.823333; $latitude = $this->lat; $longitude = $this->long; $numerator = sin(deg2rad($K_longitude - $longitude)); $denominator = (cos(deg2rad($latitude)) * tan(deg2rad($K_latitude))) - (sin(deg2rad($latitude)) * cos(deg2rad($K_longitude - $longitude))); $q = atan($numerator / $denominator); $q = rad2deg($q); if ($this->lat > 21.423333) { $q += 180; } return $q; } /** * Convert coordinates presented in degrees, minutes and seconds * (i.e. 12°34'56"S formula) into usual float number in degree unit scale * (i.e. -12.5822 value) * * @param string $value Coordinate presented in degrees, minutes and seconds * (i.e. 12°34'56"S formula) * * @return float Equivalent float number in degree unit scale * (i.e. -12.5822 value) * @author Khaled Al-Sham'aa */ public function coordinate2deg ($value) { $pattern = "/(\d{1,2})°((\d{1,2})')?((\d{1,2})\")?([NSEW])/i"; preg_match($pattern, $value, $matches); $degree = $matches[1] + ($matches[3] / 60) + ($matches[5] /3600); $direction = strtoupper($matches[6]); if ($direction == 'S' || $direction == 'W') { $degree = -1 * $degree; } return $degree; } }